This supposed solution didn't last very long. A few days later, the problem returned, and Pipewire appears to be the culprit.
I installed Ubuntu Mate 22.04 (which has PulseAudio instead of Pipewire) on an external SSD, and then installed Strawberry on the installation, and haven't had any cutting-out problems with it. So, perhaps one solution would be to replace Pipewire with PulseAudio. If you want to experiment, you could install your choice of Linux on a USB3 flash drive. Sandisk's small metal drives (64GB or more) work well, and if they get too hot, point a fan at them.
By adopting Strawberry as my player, and preventing resampling further on down the audio chain, my Zen DAC V2 sounds incredible. After hearing the ZDV2, I can't stand my previous DAC (a Topping D10s), which sounds like a toy compared to the Zen. The key seems to be the TI/Burr-Brown Advanced Segment DAC-chip, which is used in many cheap players, and is explained in a review on Amazon which can be found by going to the ZDV2 page and clicking on the waveform-image at the top of the reviews.
I don't understand why this problem with Pipewire hasn't been fixed - it's been known for years, and some of the best Linux coders designed it and presumably should be able to fix it. It shouldn't be included by default in distros as long as this problem exists. The fact that it is included in some distros seems to indicate that the problem is deliberate, and that there is a solution which is being withheld from the general public.